1.4 Land
Explain the legal meaning of land, the fixture tests and the identification of land parcels.
Land includes the surface and relevant space below it. A movable item of personal property. A surveyed parcel identified by its lot reference.
Course reference: Based on the supplied Real Centre Network Paper One course book, Unit 1.4, printed pp. 36–45 (edition updated 18 December 2020). Original educational explanation, not a reproduction. This historical reference is not a current statement of statutory provisions or examination requirements; verify current rules against official Singapore sources.
What you will learn
- What counts as land
- Fixtures and fittings
- Legal description of land
1. What counts as land
| Concept | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Surface and subsoil | Land includes the surface and relevant space below it. |
| Airspace | Relevant airspace may form part of the legal concept of land. |
| Things attached | Vegetation and structures affixed to land may be included. |
| Interest in land | The legal definition also encompasses estates and interests. |
2. Fixtures and fittings
| Concept | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Chattel | A movable item of personal property. |
| Fixture | An item attached so as to become part of the land. |
| Degree of annexation | How securely or substantially is the item attached? |
| Purpose of annexation | Was it attached to improve the premises or mainly for enjoyment of the item itself? |
| Fitting | Common industry term for movable items; the legal classification depends on facts. |
3. Legal description of land
| Concept | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Land lot | A surveyed parcel identified by its lot reference. |
| Strata lot | A defined unit in a strata development. |
| Accessory lot | A lot associated with a strata lot, such as a designated parking space where applicable. |
| Survey and title records | Use the relevant registered plans and title documents to identify the parcel. |
Apply it to a Singapore property scenario
A wall-mounted item is not automatically a fixture merely because it is screwed on. Consider both annexation tests.
An item included in a sale should be described clearly in the transaction documents to avoid fixture/fitting disputes.
Quick revision
- Surface and subsoil: Land includes the surface and relevant space below it.
- Chattel: A movable item of personal property.
- Land lot: A surveyed parcel identified by its lot reference.
Practice MCQs
Choose one answer per question, then check your score and read the explanations.
Sources and currency
Primary course reference: supplied Real Centre Network Paper One course book, Unit 1.4 (printed pp. 36–45; updated 18 December 2020). For current legislation and land registration guidance, see Singapore Statutes Online and Singapore Land Authority. Use the syllabus applicable to your exam sitting.